Iago, the Outsider of Shakespeare’s Othello Essay -- essays research

In any story with a recurring dark theme there always must be an outsider from humanity who somehow stands out from the seemingly equal community. In the case of Shakespeare’s Othello the outsider from humanity would be Iago for he truly stands out from the rest of society. Although Othello may be physically put out of the community, it seems that on an emotional and egotistical level Iago puts himself out of society further then Othello’s blackness does. He is not merely manipulative, as other villains are; he turns aspects of truth and good qualities, which he does not possess, and uses them as weakness for his own scheme. He deceives people to follow his plans by telling them the truth and what seems to be good advice. By standing on the side and watching people he seems to learn more about them then they even know themselves. He seems to envy these people and the relationships that they possess, becuase he will never know what these connections feel like. He uses p eople’s strengths as their weaknesses to bring them to their doom. He causes much destruction and is driven by a force that the reader cannot even understand. Iago makes himself an outsider by not realizing that his ego causes him to hate and disrespect all of humanity. Iago respects no one and yet is cunning enough to make people continue to trust and respect him. This is a truly super human quality in Iago that allows him to manipulate people to do what he wants without them knowing. He is married to Emilia, and although the reader would see marriage as a sacred bond, Iago manipulates it for his selfish ways. It may be his careless marriage that causes him to feel that he must destroy Desdemona’s and Othello’s. This would show his childish, jealous mentality towards others. The reason he treats Emilia so badly may be that he blames her for their dysfunctional marriage. From this, she has gained a perhaps not so tainted image of men and husbandry. She describes men â€Å"are all but stomachs, and we all but food; they eat us hungerly, and when they are full, they belch us.† (III, iv, 98-100) Iago treats Emilia as if she were a slave at his every whim and she knows it but for some reason Iago has tricked her into thinking thatâ €™s the way life is in marriage; so although Emilia may seem like the more experienced character in the play she herself cannot even see the corruptness in Iago’s ways. Ano... ... His plan stays secretive throughout the entire play. It leaves the characters in the play as well as the reader with an eerie brooding feeling at the end. The only reason that comes to mind is his jealousy of the nobility that the other characters possess. It may be that there is no motive but his pure hatred for humanity and if he must be a part of it, he will create a hell for everyone else in it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iago is the perfect villain in the sense that he is a true outsider from humanity. You can almost respect him in the fact that he can do such wrong with absolutely no recognition of the destruction he has caused. Plus he is able to manipulate people’s good qualities such as trust and love and use them for his own immoral benefit. It may be that Iago himself does not possess any of these good qualities so he cannot understand goodness or it might be that he is merely jealous of the beautiful relationships and noble people surrounding him and he has had enough. Whatever the reason, Iago purposely puts himself outside of humanity because he is egotistical in nature and feels that he deserves to disrespect everyone. Shakespeare, William. Othello. New York: Oxford School, 2002.

How Workers Attitude and Job Satisfaction Affect Their Work.

Thesis Statements: Attitude and Job Satisfaction: A worker attitude towards work is directly linked to the job satisfaction; a worker who is satisfied with his job performs better and excels at what he does. It is therefore imperative for a company to understand the attitude of its workers and measure the job satisfaction of its employees, as job satisfaction is essential for productivity. Introduction Worker attitude and job satisfaction deals with how an organization behaves. It involves the management directing employees into improving organizational and personal effectiveness.It plays an enormous role in determining the attitudes of employees and their job satisfaction. When an employee is happy, it is usually because they are satisfied with their work. This also improves the quality of their work. Attitude and job satisfaction may not fall completely on the management but also on the employees. If employees enjoy their work, they will not need external motivation from management , but instead the satisfaction they attain from completing their work will motivate them (Robbins, 2004). Job satisfaction is an individual’s contentment with their work.Its effect on productivity is either positive or negative. The relationship between job satisfaction and job productivity is however not consistent. An individual may still obtain high job productivity without having the satisfaction in the work. This happens mostly when money is their motivation. Another motivator is improving in his or her work in order to receive a promotion. Other employees may increase their productivity due to the satisfaction they get from their work. A reason for job satisfaction may also come from an employee getting a good salary.It improves job satisfaction as long as an employee has knowledge of the fact that they get fair payment for their efforts at the end of the day. Job satisfaction has an effect on an individual’s satisfaction with life. If an employee does not get sa tisfaction in their work, they may seek for satisfaction in other work unrelated areas. This provides fulfillment and balance in their life. He or she may also be content with work as it relates with those work unrelated areas. Job dissatisfaction may also cause an employee to quit (Robbins, 2004). How Workers Attitude and Job Satisfaction Affect Their Work.An employee’s attitude towards authority may affect his or her relationship with management. Negative attitude towards authority will cause clashes in the work place. Psychology is another reason that affects an individual’s attitude. Another reason for a negative attitude towards authority is jealous for their position. This attitude affects job productivity in a negative way. If the workers attitude is a negative one so is their ability to produce positive results. Worker attitude and job satisfaction are two factors that affect a company’s productivity.There are different issues that affect worker attitude and job satisfaction either in a negative or positive way. These issues include the management, employee, sociology, communication, culture, and work environment. Management Role The management’s style of leading plays a huge role in worker attitude and job production. Empowerment is one factor that can motivate better productivity. If the management gives an employee opportunity to work according to their own standards, preferred that these standards measure up to those of the company, job productivity will increase.Human empowerment is satisfactory to every individual. Self-satisfaction leads to job satisfaction. We also have strategic planning by management. This is crucial when dealing with influencing job productivity. An example of a way to motivate employees is the management offering them opportunities for promotions and pay rise negotiations. This will encourage job productivity since employees will want to receive these rewards (Jackson, 2002). Organizational objec tives also affect how the management relates with the employees.If the organizational goal is to achieve a certain percentage of profit in a business year, then it will exert pressure on the employees to increase productivity. Positive influence is not the only way to ensure an increase in productivity. Some organizations offer contracts that clear states the amount of productivity needed from employees. This is in the case of sales and marketing where a sales representative needs to achieve a target on a certain deadline. This may mount pressure on the employees and in turn affect their job satisfaction. In some cases, the management is not as strict with the employees.The problem with this is that the employees might eventually relax on the job. An organization may also decide to add more working days depending on their goals. Complying with such a decision is hard and it may leave the employees bitter and resentful towards management. This attitude will affect job productivity, a s the employees will arrive to work with no motivation. Another factor in work attitude is time away from work. Apart from free time on the weekend, which is compulsory according to work ethics, employees need to take time off from work. This normally is the leave period (Jackson, 2002).Employee Role Some individuals choose professions that they like while others end up in their profession due to pressure. Pressure may come from the need to make money or a parent or guardian deciding on what their kids will do. When one chooses something they love doing or has an interest in, then they are content and happy about what they do. Love for a profession encourages a positive attitude. This is all the motivation employees need when it comes to productivity. A happy employee is a productive employee. When an employee loves what they are doing, they attain job satisfaction.This automatically affects productivity in a positive way. Productivity however suffers with negative employees who onl y work to make money. Their aim is to increase their productivity in order to get more money but this eventually makes them stressful and bitter. Since they have no interest in the work, satisfaction is hard for them to achieve. This is another form of motivation but is not sufficient. The two major ways for employees to improve, productivity in their professional areas is the choice of profession. Employees need ways to relieve their stress if they want to improve their work attitude and productivity.Work related stress is common among most employees. This is especially by employees that do not experience any job satisfaction from their work. Stress is something that may lead to more serious illnesses. This lowers productivity from the absence of employees in the work place. Stress is relieved by taking breaks from work, exercising, socializing with friends, and having fun. Psychological development is also another factor that affects attitude. Since psychology is what determines h uman behavior, it affects how we react and relate with others.Every one of us reacts differently to different situations. An example is when management is brutally honest about an employees work, some may take it is a warning to do better others may take it as criticism and give up. This depends on how an individual makes decisions. External factors such as the family, relationships, financial status are a few of other things that also affect the employees’ attitude. A healthy employee is a productive employee and a happy one. Social Role Our social behavior affects our work. This is in regard to introverts and extroverts.An introvert will not easily socialize with people. This affects their performance in a situation that needs teamwork. Teamwork requires all individuals to communicate with each other. If employees cannot work well together, it affects productivity. A company that encourages teamwork experiences higher productivity. Extroverts are aggressive people and some people may try to avoid them. Relationships in the work place affects attitudes and in turn productivity. If employees have a close relationship with each other, employees work well together and their attitudes improve as well.An improvement in attitude improves job productivity and satisfaction. In order to improve this relationship, some organizations encourage team building by dedicating a few days for members to socialize. This is through encouraging games in this sessions or providing projects for them to do. Interaction between employees helps them know each other better and beyond the work place. It improves their relationship and attitude towards each other (Edwards, 2004). Social role also involves the relationship between employees and management. In most organizations, this relationship is usually strictly professional.The only time the two interact is while it involves work. This is a way for the management to ensure that they have an upper hand towards the employees. Th is may lead to employees withdrawing from the management due to fear. Fear affects productivity, as the employee cannot approach the management if he/she is having trouble. They may imagine that the management will see this as a weakness. A good relationship is one where the management associates with its employees openly. Respect is the only thing that needs establishment between the two. This way, it is easy for employees to approach the management.A good relationship will improve employee productivity by improving their attitude and encouraging job satisfaction. Another social factor is competition. This is due to human nature to prove themselves. Employees may compete amongst each other for appraisal or a chance to grab an available higher position. This is a way for productivity to improve. Their attitude will depend on whether the competition is a healthy or an unhealthy one. An unhealthy one will lead to stress (Edwards, 2004). Communication Communication is how information t ransmits between the management and employees or between the employees themselves.Employees need to be free with the management in order to approach them when they are having trouble. Good communication has a positive effect on the employee’s job satisfaction. When all their needs a met, they can easily perform their duties efficiently. This increases job productivity and in turn improves the workers attitude. Communication is also important between employees. Employees need to maintain a good relationship with each other in order to communicate efficiently. Respect is an important factor in communication. In every organization, respect needs to drive how they communicate.A good way to implement communication between management and employees is by planning meetings. These meetings should allow employees to ask questions and express their opinion. Management should ask employees for their input and suggestions in matters concerning them. This will make the employees feel even more part of the organization. It will improve the relationship of everyone in the organization. Good communication leads to a good relationship that in turn improves employee attitude and job productivity (Mitchell). Culture The differences in culture affects people’s attitude.Different cultures have different practice. Some cultures do not allow their employees to work for certain amounts of hours. This may affect an individual if a transfer occurs and they get to a work situation that encourages more working hours. He/she will develop a negative attitude towards work. In some cultures, individuals are risk takers. They enjoy doing things beyond their capabilities. They attain satisfaction both in life and in work. There is no better motivation to improve their job productivity than this. In others, employees are hardworking. Their attitude towards work is usually a positive one (Jackson, 2002).Work environment A positive work environment improves on employee attitude. This depends on other employees, the management and the available resources. If an organization takes care of their employees by providing all needed resources, then their productivity will improve. Job productivity increases a business performance and profits, which in turn ensures that employees receive their salary frequently. When the business performs well then the employees are happy. A good performance in the organization gives the employees a positive attitude that improves their individual performance.As long as the employees are happy and performing, job productivity will increase. Job satisfaction improves employee’s relationships with customers. A good working relationship such as that one will increase on the sales of goods and services. Some company’s offer their employees bonuses especially during the holidays. This acts as an encouragement to the workers and improves their relationship with management. In departments such as sales and marketing, employeeâ⠂¬â„¢s performance can improve if given bonuses or commission when they bring in more sales clients.With this knowledge, the employee’s performance is sure to improve drastically (Edwards, 2004). Conclusion The duty of management and the employee in improving workers attitude is debatable. Some may argue that it is up to the employee to ensure that they attain job satisfaction from their work, as they are the only ones in control of their attitude and performance. It is also possible to say that all the responsibility is entirely the managements. They decide on the nature of the environment in which the employee works.The management holds the power to control employee salary, off time and promotion. External factors such as the environment, social situations, and culture also affect worker attitude and job satisfaction. In my opinion, it is up to both the parties to decide on worker attitude and job satisfaction. If you need professional research paper help you can buy custom papers online at CustomWritings. com – online research paper writing service. Tags: Job Satisfaction research paperresearch paper on Worker AttitudeWorker attitude and job satisfaction essayWorker attitude and job satisfaction term paper

Cannibalism Essay - 1136 Words

ABSTRACT Cannibalism is an act that is thought to be heinous and inconceivable in the minds of men. But, contrary to what many people think, cannibalism is very much alive and still being practiced within the continental United States of America; the thing is†¦the government just hasnt found out about it yet. This report will take you through the history of cannibalism, the different types of cannibalism, and the different cases of cannibalism. Cannibalism is one of the strangest and most horrific American taboos. When the common person thinks of cannibalism, a ballistic, deranged, serial killer who cuts his victims into pieces and boils them in bloody water quickly comes to mind. Cannibalism is precisely defined as the eating of ones†¦show more content†¦in Anasazi Cannibalism? p. 1). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;All cannibalism is not the same. One way to classify cannibalism is by who is eaten. There are three ways: autocannibalism--eating parts of oneself (not including common traits such as nail biting); exocannibalism-- the eating of outsiders or foreigners (such as invaders or enemies); and endocanniballism--the eating of ones own social group. There are also functional types of cannibalism, based on why someone is eaten: survival cannibalism, religious or ritual cannibalism, and dietary or gastronomic cannibalism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Survival cannibalism is one type of cannibalism that clearly without a doubt has occurred and is well documented. quot;Simply put, survival cannibalism occurs when people are trapped without food in some way -- in a boat adrift on the ocean, on a mountain by snowfall -- and resort to eating other members of the groupquot; (qtd. in The myths and perturbing realities of cannibalism p.1). The most notable case of survival cannibalism is the case of the Donner party of 1846. A group of 90 immigrants led by George Donner was caught in a blinding snowstorm high in the Sierra Nevada range of California in October 1846. Survivors, who made their way out early in 1847, had been forced to resort to eating the flesh of their comrades in order to survive. The survivors openly admitted to the mediaShow MoreRelatedThe Horrors of Cannibalism605 Words   |  2 Pages Cannibalism to say the least is a very taboo word. Cannibalism is known to be very disturbing and sets off a certain set of powerful emotions when spoken about. One thing about cannibalism is that it used to be considered a normal part of life, and has only recently been seen as taboo in the recent centuries. Many people believe Cannibalism should be legal world-wide, but only have reasonings of culture and religions. Cannibalism should be illegal because of immorality, diseases , and murderRead MoreEssay Cannibalism2296 Words   |  10 PagesCannibalism Cannibalism has been around since the beginning of time. Mainly as an act of defense or as an alternate, last resort, for food. Cannibalism is also used as an act of violence among animals to preserve their genetics. Human cannibalism however, was not used as an act of violence to cause pain and anguish amongst other human beings. Cannibalism within the human race is widely known throughout the world, though you may not know it. From New Guinea to the high deserts of ArizonaRead MoreEssay about Cannibalism1512 Words   |  7 PagesCannibalism is the consumption of human flesh by other human beings. The concept of people eating other people is highly debatable, but it has been proven to occur throughout history. The word â€Å"cannibalism† comes from the Carib Indians of the West Indies, which were called â€Å"Caribalesquot; or â€Å"Canibales† (Spier 543). The Spanish word â€Å"canibales† translates to thirsty and cruel in English. Another known term for cannibalism is the Latin form â€Å"anthropophagy† (Bell). Anthropophagy derives from the GreekRead More Cannibalism Essay examples714 Words   |  3 Pages There are so many bad things in the world but according to many, cannibalism is considered just about the worst. Depending on your point of view, it rises above even such criminal abominations as, rape and genocide. Then again, we live in a culture, in which people would run vomiting to the bathroom if they saw what went into making their McDonalds hamburgers. Cannibalism, also known as anthropophagi, is defined as the act or practice of eating members of the same species. The word anthropophagiRead MoreThe History and Evolution of Cannibalism659 Words   |  3 PagesCannibalism generally connotes savagery, devouring a fellow human is, since the enlightened period, looked down upon. In fact, the Enlightenment period was obsessed with the â€Å"self-abhorring†¦ figure of the cannibal† (Cottom 2001). However, the modern cannibal is drastically different from the cannibals from the past. 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Consuming human flesh is not against the law in the United States, therefore cannibalism is not illegal (Eveleth). In the eyes of the law, murdering someone to eat is wrong, but the act of eating a human is not. To Americans the simple thought of eating another human is sickening. To most that is true, but to others consuming human flesh is a way of life. Some cultures practice cannibalism for their own spiritualRead MoreEssay on The Truth about Cannibalism717 Words   |  3 PagesThe Truth about Cannibalism Typical Western thought directs people to examine the practices of cannibalism as savage and primitive. More often than not, this type of association exists because the people viewing the action are frightened and confused by that which they do not understand. In fact, some would even claim that, â€Å"cannibalism is merely a product of European imagination† (Barker, 2), thereby completely denying its existence. The belief that cannibalism goes against â€Å"human instinct†Read MoreCannibalism : Myth Or Reality? Discuss1647 Words   |  7 PagesCannibalism. Myth or Reality? Discuss I INTRODUCTION (156) Cannibalism, also more formally known as anthropophagy, can be defined as the act of ingesting human flesh, blood or internal organs by a human being. The reasons behind cannibalism vary from being ritualistic to psychopathic and the practice manifests itself in many different forms. Often profoundly fantasised by Western society as â€Å" the man-eating myth† (Arens 1979, in King 2000, p.106), cannibalism as a result has become subjectRead MoreNative Ancestors Practice Cannibalism For Ritual Purposes Or For Survival?1090 Words   |  5 PagesOur prehistoric ancestors practiced cannibalism not because of cultural expectations, but for survival. Our oldest taboo has been the source of many debates, with researchers having different ideas about why our ancestors would partake in such a barbaric activity. Evidence of this practice can be found throughout the world, but in some cases the reasons differ. This presents a difficult question to be answered, did our prehistoric ance stors practice cannibalism for ritual purposes or for survival

Understanding Counselling Theories - 1374 Words

Understanding Counselling Theories 1a The B.A.C.P (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy) define counselling as ‘the skilled use of the relationship (between counsellor and client) to help the client develop self-knowledge, self-esteem and the ability to take control of his or her own life’. 1b Counselling is based on a therapeutic relationship, whereby the counsellor using their skills and knowledge to help the client to explore and understand their difficulties. This is done in a safe and secure setting, whilst maintaining a confidential and non judgemental manner. Before the therapeutic relationship can develop, both client and counsellor must write up a contract covering areas such as confidentiality, fees, duration of sessions, number of sessions and responsibilities. Counselling can help with issues such as depression, anxiety, bereavement, low self esteem, domestic violence, midlife crisis, sexuality and relationship. 1c Counselling is not advice and guidance. Nor is it an intimate relationship, friendly conversation, problem solving, judgemental or influenced by the counsellor. 2a The key approaches to counselling are Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and techniques which were founded by Sigmund Freud. The basis of Psychoanalysis is that it enables the client to become more aware of their unconscious thoughts and motivations to gain a deeperShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding counselling theory. Essay example1389 Words   |  6 Pages Macclesfield College ABC Level 3 Certificate in Counselling Skills Assignment 2 Understanding counselling theory. Unit 2- R/601/7575 Hana Lewis- 144383 ABC 17970-33 Contents Page 3 : Introduction. (157 words) Page 3 : Origins of Person- centred counselling (198 words) Page 4: Key concepts and principles of Person- centred counselling. (288 words) Page 5 : How does Person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? (245 words) PageRead MoreCounselling And Psychotherapeutic Theory Of Understanding Human Development2153 Words   |  9 PagesCounselling and psychotherapeutic theory is a way of understanding human development and experiences in relation to the environment. Each theory is based on a set of principles and concepts that have been derived from observable behaviour. However, each theory has identified limitations and no single theory is appropriate for all clients or all presenting issues. Psychotherapeutic integration is combining different theories and/or techniques to create a more comprehensive and complete outcome forRead Morecounselling theory essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion. 1.1 Key elements of psychodynamic theory Dr Sigmud Freud (1856-1939), isRead MorePsychodynamic Counselling Overview Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesPsychodynamic Counselling – Overview. Psychodynamic counselling has a long history and vast literature to condense so only a brief overview is possible here – following on from the themes already discussed and with particular focus on four psychologists: Freud, Jung, Adler and Klein. â€Å"The primary purpose of psychodynamic counselling is to help clients make sense of current situations; of memories associated with present experience, some of which spring readily to mind, others which may riseRead MoreReflective Reflection Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesDifferent theories and ways of practising exist for counsellors, with reflective practice becoming more popular amongst practitioners. Dallos, Stedmon (2009) state that for professionals working directly with people, such as counsellors, reflective practice has quickly developed into a fundamental component of training, and the best practice for creating successful outcomes. This essay will focus on how reflective practice is critical for professional life, and how the use of reflection and theory canRead MoreThe Profession Of Counselling Psychology1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The profession of counselling psychology has developed hugely during the past decade, this paper aims to provide a concise and general exploration of the nature of counselling psychology, it’s development history, where it stands among other traditional approaches, and how disciplines of psychology is linked with a range of models of psychotherapy. In 1982 counselling psychology started developing as a section within the British Psychological Society, and in 1994 it was then recognizedRead MoreDescribe How Current Counselling and Psychotherapy Practices Emerged from Psychiatry and Psychology.1226 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent counselling and psychotherapy practice emerged from psychiatry and psychology. Use critical evaluation of theoretical evidence to support discussion points. 2, Analyse the similarities and differences between psychotherapy and counselling practices using evidence, aims and objectives relevant to practice and therapeutic need. Counselling and psychotherapy are very different areas of speciality than psychiatry or psychology. Yet it is from these two health practices that counselling and psychotherapyRead MoreSocial Control And Social Influence1728 Words   |  7 Pagesand law enforcement agents such as: police, military, and other city, state, and federal agencies. This form of control is set in place to prevent chaos in society. Theories of social control have been used to define and explain how the behaviours and actions of a person could be controlled by social agents (Dixon, 2015). These theories have been used by certain interactionists, functionalists, Marxists and post-structuralist to understand the way in which social norms and order is defined and maintainedRead Moreâ€Å"Compare and Contrast the Different Ways the Person-Centred and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches to Counselling Understand and Make Use of the Counselling Relationship†1559 Words   |  7 Pagescognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling understand and make use of the counselling relationship†    This essay is written to compare the counselling relationship in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatmentsRead MoreReflective Essay On Counselling1690 Words   |  7 PagesThis reflective essay will try and develop an understanding of the experiences and theory that has been applied to a counselling roleplay and applied content over the duration of the module. Furthermore, identifying what has been covered and what has not been covered in the roleplay, its strengths, weaknesses, what needs developing and how it can help as counsellors within the field. The first topic will reflect on the skills and attributes that have been applied to the roleplay and how it has been

Is Inclusion Best For All Students - 1352 Words

Ashley Ball Research Paper Is Inclusion Best For All Students? Over the years, there has been a continuous debate over how effective inclusion classes really are for students in school. The whole idea of inclusion classes is to place students in the kind of environment where they can work with other peers who do not need special education and in a sense, not be secluded to just one classroom setting. There are those who feel that students who are in inclusion classes perform better academically and then there are those who feel that inclusion is not beneficial to those who need special education. This debate has left many people wondering, â€Å"Is inclusion really best for all students?† In the first article that I found entitled†¦show more content†¦Even though there are, in many cases, other educators within the classrooms to help these children who need that additional help, the teachers generally don’t have that kind of training. Hoon and Wilcox explained that when it comes to special education students, the most important thing is to provide these students with an education that proves to be an effective education for them. They stressed that what special education students come out of the classroom understanding is more significant than the type of classroom setting in which they are being taught. This is because if they are learning more in a special education setting in comparison to an inclusion setting, then the special education setting becomes the better choice for the students. Hoon and Wilcox used the first grade class described in their article to address the idea that inclusion means adjusting the classroom to accommodate every student’s needs. They talked about how that same first grade teacher was told that she was going to have a student in her class who had cerebral palsy. The teacher was not aware of what this would entail for her classroom and how it would change the way that she taught within her classroom. The child was in a wheelchair and the classroom had to be made accommodating for the student. Hoon and Wilcox explained that pediatricians can be very helpful in

Modernism, Mass Culture Free Essays

Andrea Hussies argues that â€Å"since the mold 19th century, the culture of modernity has been characterized by a volatile relationship between high art and mass culture. † The writer states that Modernist artists strove to distance themselves from the â€Å"lark pour lark† movements of the turn of the century like Art Nouveau, Symbolism and ?aestheticism. This type of art pandered to the tastes of the middle classes striving to live â€Å"the good life† which evolved into a culture of decadence and indulgence. We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism, Mass Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Modernists also distanced themselves from Abstract Expressionism during the Post World War II years, favoring autonomy, a hostility to mass culture and a â€Å"radical separation from the culture of everyday life† rather than a desire to â€Å"find a content rich with meaning and redolent of social responsibility. † Hussies highlights that the most significant Modernist â€Å"attack† on the esthetics ideas of the self-sufficiency of high culture In the 19th century resulted from a discord of the independent modernist stretch wealth the post World War I revolutionary politics in Russia and Germany, and the Increasingly rapid evolution of city life during the early 20th century. Hussies asserts that the attack was known as the historical avian garden symbolizing a new aesthetics approach, manifested in movements like expressionism, Berlin Dada, Russian constructivism, the post Russian Revolution purposeful and French Surrealism. The author ascribes this presence to a so-called â€Å"Great Divide† separating high art from mass culture, which he insists is imperative to the theoretical and historical understanding of modernism. The book Fin De Is ©clue and Its Legacy states that Hussein’s thesis about postmodernist is highly debatable, and that artistic modernism can only be understood in relation to the developments that came after the emergence of new mass communications technologies from the time of Baudelaire to the Second World War. Despite a great divide, the developments of high art apparently came about as a reaction to and dependence on mass communications technologies. One might argue that artistic modernism can only be understood in relation to the mass culture of the time. Hussies asserts that both modernism and the avian-garden have always defined their identity in relation to traditional bourgeois high culture and modern commercial mass culture. He believes that most discussions relating to modernism, the avian-garden and even post modernism validate bourgeois high culture at the expense of the avian-garden or modernism. Artists of the mid 19th century like French Realist Gustavo Courier disapproved of the depiction of historical and fictional subjects in art, preferring to focus their work on mundane everyday contemporary life. Through his work, Courier broke away from academic forms and standards that advocated Idealism, and attempted to destabilize the economic power structure of the day. Although It might appear that there were grounds for wanting to separate the notion of high art from mass culture, the economic climate in France money of mass communication in order to make a living. Artists like Henry Toulouse- Ululate and Egg ©nee Grasses relied on poster making as a means of generating income. In the case of Grasses, after studying art and architecture and working as an accomplished painter and sculptor, he designed and produced posters, which was said to have become his fort ©. His posters eventually generated interest in the United States, and the artist was asked to design a cover for Harpers magazine in 1892 at a time of continuing expansion in the magazine industry. One might suggest that instead of there being a great divide between high art and mass culture, artists of the time were using the tools of high art to communicate ideas to mass culture, and that each existed in tandem with instead of in opposition to the other. Hussies argues that both Greenberg and Adorn insisted on a â€Å"categorical separation of high art and mass culture†, both men being driven by an impulse to â€Å"save the dignity and autonomy of the art work from the totalitarian pressures of fascist mass spectacles, socialist realism and degraded commercial mass culture in the West. † However, the writer goes on to agreeably postulate that although both men’s impulses might have been correct at the time, their insistence of such a separation or divide became out dated. How to cite Modernism, Mass Culture, Papers

Growing Gifted Minds

Question: Write an essay about the Growing Gifted Minds. Answer: There is the significant difference between the gifted student and their peers as has been stated by Lymbery, J. Talented (Lymbery, 2009) and gifted are no those simply who have intelligence that is high (McLoughlin Oliver, 1998). The talent and giftedness concept which belongs to a certain group of people would be shaped by its values, beliefs, customs and attitudes. It from culture to culture that this concept and also over time there has been a lot of variation to this concept. Giftedness is viewed these as having multiple intelligence in the individuals. There two types of definitions of "conservative definitions" which is based generally only on one criterion and more often than not that criterion are intelligence and "liberal definitions" these are based on a wider range of criteria. There are certain characteristics that are exhibited by children who are gifted, and these can be understood better by understanding the characteristics that generally children who are gifted are likely to exhibit. It is most commonly in the general behavior of an individual in an educational setting that characteristics in the affective and cognitive domain appear commonly. The below mentioned "Table-I" throws light on the gifted students' general characteristics that are cognitive in nature. It is more often than not noticed that individuals who are gifted posses an immense desire of wanting to know of things that interest them. The ability of these students for thinking at levels that are abstract earlier than their peers who are of the same age and forming their own mannerism of thinking about various ideas and problems are an indication that students who are gifted intellectually need choice and content in activities related to learning that is much advanced than those given to their peers (Westberg Daoust, 2003). The high energy levels of these gifted students and their ability to be able to extend the projects range signify that studying independently is the option that is available to these gifted students to ensure that instructions that are differentiated are being given to them. This is one of the reasons why there are various parents who opt for homeschooling there gifted children. However, one of the consequences of this method is that it could lead to the isolation of the child from its peers (Jolly, Matthews, Nester, 2012). There are various Cognitive Characteristics in an educational environment of a gifted students(Clark, 2002). First of all they are able to retain and process information in larger amounts. They also have advance level comprehension of the materials, advance level comprehension of the materials and levels that are extremely high of the development of language and ability that is verbal. They also possess a thought processes that is flexible and accelerated. Further they have the ability that is early in delaying project closures, observations of relations among objects or disciplines that are unusual and skilled in the generation of ideas that are original and solving of problems. They are very goal-oriented, intense and persistent interest in topics that interest; their own way of thinking is formed by them when it comes to ideas and problems and as compared to their peers that learn things much earlier. They also have the need of individuality and freedom when it comes to learning, great desire of seeking and learning their own interests and at an age that is much earlier than their peers they are abstract thinkers. These gifted students prefer challenging and complex work and are able to apply and transfer of knowledge to situations that are new. They may prefer working alone rather than in a group. They also may start reading much early and have attention spans that are longer and energy levels that are high may be possessed. Giftedness leads to there being preferences and behaviors that are varied. In an educational environment, the awareness of the emotional and social characteristics of individuals who are gifted can aid in understanding their behavior that is observed in them. There, for example, may be peer rejection as a child with giftedness has the urge at all times to share his knowledge and maybe considered by others due to this attempt as a show-off. There can be feelings of hopelessness, perfectionism, dissatisfaction at a personal level due to the high expectations that gifted students place upon others and upon themselves (Clark, 2002). The gifted students have various affective characteristics in an educational environment (Clark, 2002) first of them being that there is a significant amount of information that they possess with respect to emotions. There may be an unusual sensitivity that is possessed by them towards the feelings of others. There is also subtle or keen sense of humor which is possessed by them and there is heightened self-awareness sense which is possessed by them. At an early age, there is a sense of justice and idealism that is possessed by them and also there is an early development of inner controls. There are also unusual intensity and depth which is possessed by them and have high expectations from others and self are exhibited by them. Further there is a strong requirement for consistency in others and themselves which is displayed by them and moral judgments at the advance level are possessed by them. Due to these characteristics that are possessed by individuals who are gifted in an educational environment, awareness needs to be kept of, the manners in which there is the manifestation of these attributes in an educational environment which is observable. These types behaviors can be troubling in an educational environment. However, awareness with respect to the cause which is at the root of such behavior will aid in meeting the needs of these students who are gifted and build a relationship in the educational environment which is positive. It is not realistic in an educational environment to expect that a heterogeneous group of students would be learning in the same manner and that they should be held accountable to same higher standards. There are various classroom issues that may be faced with respect to students who are gifted such as: (Winebrenner Espeland, 2001) Work may be unfinished due to the reason that the interests are varied, and the student is unable to narrow it down to a particular topic. The students feelings may also be revealed through work habits that are poor since they might already know about a particular topic and would not feel the need for practicing the same. A gifted students class work that is poor is often a symbol of disinterest in the subject that is of concern. The appropriateness of the activities in an educational environment may be questioned by students who are gifted, but there will be work that is done well and diligently in those subjects which are of interest to them. There may be a chance that gifted students fall into the trap of perfectionism or fear of failing due to their sensitivity towards the perceptions and attitude of what others. Identification Process is the development of a method for the identification of students who are talented and gifted, for which there are various essential issues which would require to be considered (Johnsen, 2008). The first issue is that there will be an exhibition of talent by the gifted in not only in a domain but only within a given area of their interest. An example of this could be a fourth grader who performed in the same manner that his peers in the science classroom activities however when it came to the understanding of the black holes and the shapes in the universe it emerged as being much beyond the grade level of his peers and it was only during the opportunity of an individual study that took place. It is not a single score that will determine the manner in which the gift of a child might be developed who have opportunities that are limited to enrichment activities that are out of school (Johnsen, Robins, Witte, Feurbacher, 2003). It has been noted that many of the gifted students having a problem of learning disability that the cause for the same should be identified. If there is no diagnoses with those who a unmotivated due to various reasons or those with normal cognitive development variant can be an issue. It is important to have differential diagnosis so that decisions regarding intervention can be made that is appropriate for such student. There is an exhibition of gifts and talents by students who are with disabilities or who come from different cultural, economic and ethnic background. There is estimation that these classes of people are underrepresented in education programs for gifted students. This underrepresentation of students is an issue that arises due to under-identification of these students (Dai, 2013). For improving the identification of the gifted students in the special population, there is the need for the professionals to examine definitions that are state and local so that considerati on can be made towards a range of characteristics that is wider. Training also needs to be given to the teachers to ensure that they can observe the characteristics that are manifested in ways that are varied for cultures that are different for students with disability and various cultural groups (Dai, 2013). Thus it can be concluded that the early identification of characteristics both cognitive and affective along with these features that are local and state oriented would lead to the identification of students from various strata who are gifted and aid in the development of the gifts of these gifted individuals into talents. It is important particularly in children who are from backgrounds that are disadvantaged economically that these students are recognized. When these students are identified and provided by learning activities that are challenging it would lead to the nurturing of these children, and they will be able to perform at a level that is much higher. References Clark, B. (2002).Growing up gifted: Developing the potential of children at home and at school(6th ed.). NJ: Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River. Dai, D. (2013). Excellence at the Cost of Social Justice? Negotiating and Balancing Priorities in Gifted Education.Roeper Review,35(2), Johnsen, S. (2008).Identifying the Gifted and Talented Learners. In F.A. Karnes and Sr. Stephen (Eds.), Achieving excellence: Educating the gifted and the talented(pp. 135-153). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall. Johnsen, S., Robins, J., Witte, M., Feurbacher, S. (2003).Developing Social and academic characteristics among gifted students labeled at-risk. Presentation, International Conference for Exceptional Students, Seattle, WA.